拮据的生活的句子英文

这篇文章给大家聊聊关于拮据的生活的句子英文，以及英文自我介绍对应的知识点，希望对各位有所帮助，不要忘了收藏本站哦。

本文目录

1. 学生用英语怎么说
2. 英文自我介绍
3. 读者:关于不循规蹈矩的句子

[One]、学生用英语怎么说

学生用英语表达可以是student，pupil。

student为名词，单数形式是student，复数形式是students；pupil也是名词，但同时也是动词，单复数形式与student是相同的。

pupil和student的区别：两者词性不同，含义不同，侧重指代不同。在词性上，pupil有动词和名词两种词性，student只有名词这一种词性。在含义上，pupil的意思是“小学生；弟子”，student的意思是“学生；学者”。在侧重指代上，pupil特指中小学生，尤其是小学生，student多是用来指高等学校或专科学校的学生。

As a girl she had been a model pupil

还是个小女孩的时候，她就是一个模范学生。

The painting is the work of a pupil of Rembrandt.

这幅画是伦勃朗的一位弟子的作品。

She is a student of keen observation.

He kept a record of all his old students.

他保存着他所有毕业学生的记录。

A student should always be curious to learn.

学生应该始终具有强烈的求知欲。

〖One〗、studentadmit new students招收新生；ask a student提问学生；assign a student to把学生分配到；confuse a student使学生感到困惑不解

〖Two〗、pupilcoach pupils指导学生；dismiss pupils开除学生；encourage pupils鼓励学生；enroll pupils招收学生

〖Three〗、pupil的基本意思是“学生”，指由老师亲自照顾和指导的对象，尤指中小学生。

在美式英语里， pupil仅指“小学生”。

[Two]、英文自我介绍

来到一个完全陌生的环境，我们就有可能用到自我介绍，用自我介绍往往可以来展示自己。写自我介绍时总是没有新意？以下是我总结的英文自我介绍10篇，仅供借鉴，欢迎大家阅读。

Let me introduce myself./ Let me do some introduction.让我来介绍一下自己。

Which aspect do you want to know about me?

或者 What do you want to know about myself?您想知道我哪方面的情况？

面试英语自我介绍的常用基本的句子

1. I noticed that you advertised a job in this morning’s paper.我看到你们在今早的报纸上刊登的**广告。

2. I’m coming for your advertisement for….我是来应聘你们广告上的……职位的。

3. I have applied for the position of….我申请了贵公司的……职位。

4. Do you have any job for a part-timer?你们需要**吗？

5. I’d like to know if you need any full-time secretary.我想知道你们是否需要全职秘书？

6. I’m looking for a job. Are there any vacancies?我在找工作，请问你们有空缺吗？

1. I got a degree in Literature and took a course in typing.我获得了文学学士学位，还学过打字。

2. I haven’t done anything like that before.我以前没有做过这种工作。

3. I think I’m quite fit for assistant’s job.我觉得我很适合做助理的工作。

4. I used to work as a sale’s manager.我以前做销售经理。

5. I’m quite familiar with editing.我做过很多编辑工作。

6. I want a job with a vacation every year.我想找个每年都能度假的工作。

7. I was thinking of a job in a school.我打算到学校找份工作。

8. I worked in the accounting section of a manufacturer of electrical products.我曾在电子产品制造商的会计组工作。

9. I love playing tennis.我喜欢打网球。

Good morning, my name is jack, it is really a great honor to have this opportunity for a interview, I would like to answer whatever you may raise, and I hope I can make a good performance today, eventually eoll in this prestigious university in September. Now I will introduce myself briefly, I am 21 years old, born in Heilongjiang province, northeast of china, and I am currently a senior student at Beijing XX

University. My major is packaging engineering. And I will receive my bachelor degree after my graduation in June. In the past 4 years, I spend most of my time on study; I have passed CET4/6 with ease. And I have acquired basic knowledge of packaging and publishing both in theory and in practice. Besides, I have attended several packaging exhibition hold in Beijing, this is our advantage study here, and I have taken a tour to some big factory and company. Through these I have a deeply understanding of domestic packaging industry. Compared to developed countries such as us, unfortunately, although we have made extraordinary progress since 1978, our packaging industry are still underdeveloped, mess, unstable, the situation of employees in this field are awkward. But I have full confidence in a bright future if only our economy can keep the growth pace still. I guess you maybe interested in the reason itch to law, and what is my plan during graduate study life, I would like to tell you that pursue law is one of my lifelong goal, I like my major packaging and I won’t give up, if I can pursue my master degree here I will combine law with my former education. I will work hard in these fields, patent, trademark, copyright, on the base of my years study in department of p&p, my character? I cannot describe it well, but I know I am optimistic and confident. Sometimes I prefer to stay alone, reading, listening to music, but I am not lonely, I like to chat with my classmates, almost talk everything, my favorite pastime is valleyball, playing cards or surf online. Through college life, I learn how to balance between study and entertainment. By the way, I was a actor of our amazing drama club. I had a few glorious memories on stage. That is my pride.

20xx年2月22日看了这部《当幸福来敲门/The Pursuit of Happyness》，克里斯·加德纳是一个生活拮据的医疗产品小推销员，妻子不堪生活艰苦而离开了他，他带着五岁的儿子开始了极其困苦的生活，有时甚至因付不起房租或旅馆费用，又在收容所排不到床位，而不得不带着儿子住在地铁站的卫生间里，但是这些都没能让克里斯·加德纳倒下。他一边干着没有收入的证券公司实习生的工作，一边继续销售着他的医疗产品，经过六个月的打拼，他终于通过了实习期，成为一名有收入的证券经纪人。

当看到由威尔·史密斯（Will Smith）扮演的男主角克里斯·加德纳(Chris Gardner)终于得到那份来之不易的证券经纪人工作时，看着他眼中的泪水，我也泪流满面。

这部电影改编自著名黑人投资专家克里斯·加德纳的自传，影片中的小孩扮演者真的是威尔·史密斯的亲生儿子，因此影片演绎的极富真情实感。影片名字“The Pursuit of Happyness”的Happyness,这个单词是故意拼错的，意在：Happiness（幸福）中没有y(why为什么），而是有i(我），即“幸福中没有为什么，而是有我”，这也是我看到克里斯·加德纳送儿子去幼儿

园里跟那个管理员的谈话中感悟到的。

另外，我还记得并感动于一些细节：

1.克里斯·加德纳的钱包中没几个钱时，他的老板向他借钱，他将那五美元借给了他的.老板，后来，他的老板将那钱还给了他，这两组镜头都着实让人感动。

2.克里斯·加德纳带着儿子睡在地铁站卫生间的地上，他紧紧地抱着他的儿子，紧紧的，带着痛惜及父爱。

3.克里斯·加德纳每次都真诚地向他的客户说：谢谢您。他的真诚感动了他的客户，成为他的成功的基础。

转载《当幸福来敲门》之精采对白如下：

Chris Gardner：You have a dream, you got to protect it.

克里斯·加德纳：如果你有梦想，就要守护它。

Chris Gardner：People can't do something by themselves; they wanna tell you you can not do it.

克里斯·加德纳：当人们做不到一些事情的时候，他们就会对你说你也同样不能。Chris Gardner：You want something. Go get it！

克里斯·加德纳：有了目标就要全力以赴。

Martin Frohm: What would you say if man walked in here with no shirt, and I hired him? What would you say?

马丁：如果我雇佣了一个没有穿着衬衫走进来的人，你会怎么说?

Chris Gardner: He must have had on some really nice pants.

克里斯·加德纳：他一定穿了一条很棒的裤子。

There is an I in"happiness",There is no Y in"happiness",It's an I

I'm the type of person,if you ask me a question, and I don't know the answer,I'm gonna to tell you that I don't know.But I bet you what: I know how to find the answer, and I'll find the answer.我是这样的人，如果你问的问题我不知道答案，我会直接告诉你“我不知道”。但我向你保证：我知道如何寻找答案，而且我一定会找出答案的。

Don't ever let somebody tell you you can't do something, not even me.

别让别人告诉你你成不了才，即使是我也不行。

You got a dream, you gotta protect it. People can't do something themselves,they wanna tell you you can't do it.If you want something, go get it. Period.

如果你有梦想的话，就要去捍卫它。那些一事无成的人想告诉你你也成不了大器。如果你有理想的话，就要去努力实现。就这样。

My name is XXX.And I'm 13 years old.My hobbies are singing,dancing and

drawing pictures.And I'm a sanguine person.My favourite stars are Shu Chang and JJ Lam.I like playing computer game and reading classic

in the rest.I'm studying at Xiao Shi Zhong Xin school.

My name is Liu yang.I`m a thirteen-year-old boy.I`m a student of Class Four,Grade Seven in the No.3 middle school from Luo yang.My study is well.I`m tall and strong.

I`m a diligent boy.I study hard at all my lessons.My dream is to be a knowledgeable man.I know it`s very hard.The way is very long.But I will try my best to do it well.And I belive myself.

I have many hobies.They are reading,running,swimming,playing,basketball,climbing and playing table tennis.Everyday I all need some time to reading.On Saturdays I play basketball or play table tennis with my friends.

In my free time,sometimes I help my mother with housework or do what I want to do.

Male,** year of birth(true age will not be concealed), no marital history living in**. I am cheerful, honest, and have no bad habits(smoking occasionally with friends, but most bottles of beer; It is also reasonable. The health condition is good and the parts are functioning normally.**** people. There are two tiles in the house, no car. Career remains to be developed.

Distinguished judges, how are you! I'm xx, examinee xx, from xx.

First of all, thank you very much, judges, gave me a chance to show themselves platforms, to realize my ideal. I am a cheerful, the hobby widespread girl. Since I have a wish, after be brought up must do an excellent broadcast host, as time goes on, blossom, I also slowly growing up, and that desire is increasingly intense, like farmers with the same, to the broadcast management hoe this one job more fondness. I graduated from XXX university English the broadcast and the management art majors and is currently in the XXXX university studying XXXX degree. Professional knowledge accumulation and multicultural experience gave me the character, in persorality study 12 years, I learn math teaching, and meanwhile continuously from the sea of knowledge is widely draw nutrition, to enrich himself, enhance their abilities, improve their understanding, so as to better grasp the future, to realize my ideal. As with the voice of lithe and graceful singer to express their feelings, just like dancer with lissom dance to interpret their own beliefs, and I will use my voice to deliver me to broadcast hosted ChiAi. I sincerely hope oneself can be a communication's messengers, build up a connection between China and the world, TV audience and Bridges, let the communication more smooth, life is full of harmony,

I know, the road of success, and not problem-free, although be full of thorns, but I also: the horns, marches forward courageously, clutching their dreams do not put, stubborn waiting, sincere expectation. And I hope to give me a chance, in higher, more sacred knowledge institution in further into the butterflies, and this cocoon into dance, close unlimitedly the broadcast management that copy of guanghua and glory. From what I have learnt, through my voice, to convey zhongyuan people open enthusiasm, let the world to hear the new century Chinese voice and voice.

my name is xxx i am a major of architecture。i have sudied at the college for four years。and i am going to be graduate this year。during my four years at school，i studied very hard。i tried my best to learn all my lessons well。we were offered several chance to exprience by ourselves。i took all the chance to learn more experience。though i do not have much exprience about this kind of works。but i think i am so confident enough to fulfill this job。i think i can。

Dear professors, I feel so glad to meet all of you here。 My name is Hanyandong, 24 years old. I come from Jinan the capital of Shandong Province which is famous for its springs. My personal quotes：long long had been my road and far far was the journey，I would go up and down to surf my hurts desire。{There is still a long way for us to achieve final success.或-The way stretched endless ahead, I will seek from head to foot.}

专业理解：I will graduate from the architectural engineering department of Weifang University in July,20xx. I love my major very much. When I was a child I was attracted by Frank Lloyd Wright’ falling water which likes mashroom from the mountain and combined with the invironment naturally。I love his architectural philosophy and design methods which is called：Prairie Style and organic theory。 I worship American architect whose architectural philosophy is“less is more” designed German Pavilion of Barcelona International Fair which is considered to be one of the examples of structural abstraction emblematic of the International Style. I really appreciate and love architectural design and I want to be a famous architectural like Frank Lloyd Wright。I have made up my mind to pursue my major. I know I’ll meet with kinds of difficulties in the field, but I won’t give up, just as the saying goes, no pains no gains. In order to realize my dream. It is necessary to seize any chance for self-development, especially in this competitive modern world. I think the postgraduate study can enrich my knowledge and make me competent in my future career.

经验总结：In the past four years, I have accumulated various experiences both in study and work fields. I have won the national encouragement scholarship and the first scholarship twice. I have taken in the internships of Shanghai Puxuan Architectural Design company limited and chinese Architectural Design company limited for about half a year. As you know that both of them are very good companies in the architecture field of china. I have made great improvement in using soft wares such as AutoCAD、Photoshop、3D、SketchUp and so on. Those experiences will give me a significant advantage in pursuing a career in the field of architecture.

考研表态：Most important, I am full of passion and affection in Architecture, The history, humanity and academic atmosphere of the Southwest Jiaotong University impress me very much. If I got the chance to study here, I will make full use of my postgraduate period to improve myself.

That's all. Thanks for your attention。

I am Sravani, I am from Secunderabad. My hobbies are listening for music most of the time and playing badminforn, indoor games such as caroms, chess etc.

My strengths are, I am optimistic in nature, and my parents. Coming for my family background we are four of us: me, my father, mother and a younger brother. My father is SCR employee, mom house wife and brother is perceiving his B.Pharm 3rd year.

Moving on for my educational background: I have done my schooling from Keyes high school in the year 20xx, I finished bipc from srichaitanya in the year 20xx, i have completed B.Sc. Nursing from Yashoda institutions under NTR university in the year 20xx. The whole of 20xx I was working as staff nurse in Yashoda hospital.

Right now I am looking out for BPO because I got engaged last year, my in-laws are against me not for work in nursing department. So, i am looking out for BPO because as it provides good platform for freshers and more over it would welcome a person at any educational level with good communication skills and ability for handle cusformers.

Hi,everyone!Let me introduce myself.Let's know each other. I was born in Liaoning.Liaoning is a beautiful place.There are many places of interest in Liaoning.I was born on September,26th.I am a girl.I like traveling,reading and English.Speaking English is very important.It's very useful for us.We should do our best to learn English.I like making friends,too.I want to make more and more friends.Let's be friends.

When I am free,I usually read books.Much of my life has lived with books.My favorite book is《Harry Potter》.Harry Potter is a brave,clever boy.I like him very much.Books are very interesting.I have great fun in reading books. I think I am a happy girl because I have a happy family.My parents are very kind of me.They love me and I love them,too.I am a student of Class3,Grade8.There are over seventy students in my class.I also have many good friends in my class.I love my class.Do you love your class? This is me,a happy girl.Do you want to make friends with me?

Good morning everyone,my name is XX,and my english name is XX. Iam 21 years old and iam from(qingdao/XX).

I have very happy family, they were my mother,my father and i. my father is soldier and my mother is doctor.i love them verymuch,we leave very luckly everyday!

I have some interests, four example: play piano singsong ang swimming.I have lend so much from them. when i was young, i haved a dream, i was dreaming flying in the sky, so,i long to work in the plain. then, iam here,i weash you would take me, because iam looking four would, to working four(china easten airlines),nice meeting you again.

hello my name isxxx.i am xx years old.i graduatedfrom xxx.i have a dream since i was a child.i dream that one day i can fly in the blue sky like the bird. now i have the chance to make it come true. if i can take this job. ill try my best to do everything well.because i love this job.

I am Andrea. Perhaps the word"average" can best describe me. I am of average height, average weight and of average complexion. I have a thin face, double-lid eyes and a pointed nose. My hair is black, short and straight. I have never worn my hair long.I look like both my mother and my father, but I have inherited their best parts.

I am a teacher, and I like my job. I believe her or his students can sometimes teach a teacher. Actually I have learnt a lot from my own teaching experience and my students. One particularly good thing about being a teacher is that I am learning something new each day and thus making progress each day. This is wonderful. Of course the income is modest, but on the other hand, quite stable. I keep growing all the time. I find great rewards both monetarily and mentally.

I have many hobbies: reading books, raising pets, making dresses, etc. I like volleyball very much, but I can‘t play it very often, because it is a team sport. It is difficult to get enough people to play volleyball with me. It‘s a shame. I derive great pleasure out of my hobbies.

Generally speaking, I am open, honest and easy-going. I hate hypocrisy and injustice. Fairness is very important to me. I try to be fair in everything I do. I have great appreciation for physical and spiritual independence. I am a bit disorganized and impatient sometimes.

I don‘t have many friends, but I do have a few. I have both male and female friends. We do sports together, go shopping together; and we exchange our views and ideas and share happiness and sadness. Of course we help each other if necessary. I always consider myself a lucky person. I am lucky in my family, I am lucky in my career, I am lucky in my friendship, I am lucky in many things. In one word, I am lucky in life. I am really grateful for all these.

[Three]、读者:关于不循规蹈矩的句子

〖One〗、自己选段落哈，这个《尤利西斯》是大学本科文学系的，你还是选简单的哈。

〖Two〗、《尤利西斯》是一本关乎语言的小说。它的语言庞杂，术语纷繁，文风屡变，结构奇奥，但如果读懂了它语言上的音乐特色，意识流特色，史诗特色的话，就不难解领其奥妙。在中文译本里，金堤的译本较之萧乾的译本更为通达传神。

〖Three〗、也许仅凭《都柏林人》《青年艺术家的写照》，在世界文学里，乔伊斯就足以跻身于一流大师的行列。然而真正显示其大师功力的却是《尤利西斯》。在这本书里乔伊斯淋漓尽致的展现了他卓越的语言才华。正是这点，使得在众多评论家眼里他对英语文学的贡献已俨然堪与莎士比亚，弥尔顿相提并论。我们记得最先承认乔伊斯的大部分是当时的一流诗人像庞德，艾略特，叶芝等，他们以诗人特有的敏感发现了他的语言才华。而那些杰出的反对者像E.M.福斯特，萧伯纳在后来终于还是不情愿的承认其伟大。（他们对乔伊斯的创作观念始终不以为然，最终限度的承认只是“屈威”于语言的成就。）即使对其小说颇有微词的博尔赫斯在论起语言时依然赞不绝口，在其晚年的《谈艺录》里论诗时，也屡屡援引其小说中的句子。

〖Four〗、乔伊斯在《尤利西斯》中展现的天才横溢的语言在读者那里却呈现晦涩艰深的面目。大多数人往往对之望而生畏，最终难以一品其佳妙。的确，初看去那纷繁的术语，那时而精洁到一片空白，时而又纠结为乱麻一团的语言，实在令人困惑，一不小心即陷于语言的迷宫不复脱身，但倘若把握了它的根本特色，那就会发现语言的万千变幻一下子清澄明了了。

〖Five〗、虽然乔伊斯并不是第一个使用“意识流”手法，但人们说起《尤利西斯》都免不了讨论其中的“意识流”。然而多局限于从意识的生理特征上分析，总希望在只言片语中寻求一个完整的理性的有机联系，开始时这在某种程度上对故事的详尽完整探索还有一定的贡献，但这种分析在深的层次上往往力不从心，总免不了流于空泛的更加繁琐的解析，结果离文本更加遥远（这也何以好多人觉其深奥难解之因）。很少顾及乔伊斯是如何匠心独运的用“意识流”构建《尤利西斯》。我们关照一下他同时代的另一个作家普鲁斯特的作品，就会发现同为意识流经典，风格却迥然相异。在普鲁斯特的作品里，主人公仿佛时刻准备着回忆，那些回忆冥暗中排列着，像受了诺斯丽亚的魔咒一样在冰原中静默等待，一旦得到召唤，立即绵绵不觉的化为东流长河，而他则在懵懵中溯流而上，所以从整体看去他的叙述节奏始终不变，至于叙述的摇摆仅属意识的天然本质。而乔伊斯则不同了，没有明确的方向，只是信步流浪着。那些意识则在客观的导引下，纷至沓来，然后又倏忽而去，看上去缤纷凌乱，所以他的句子更多时候是破碎零落的，甚至仅仅是些词语的闪烁，而不像普文中那些悠然光滑的句子。关于这一点我们可以用一个比喻和意象来说明：普鲁斯特前去看山楂花时，他坐在马车上，已经开始了回忆的方向――起码已暗中为之营造了一种氛围，而乔伊斯却是在火车上，窗外的风景在火车飞逝中碎片般的呈现。较之普鲁斯特，乔伊斯的“意识流”似乎更为纯正，更接近意识的原汁，但千万别因此麻痹，以为乔伊斯只是一个意识的忠实记录官。大脑深处暗沉沉的，意识倏忽而过，你抵达的永远只是刹那的一段，乔伊斯再天才也难以一一捕捉。他仅是利用“意识流”的客观特性重新总结梳洗，他巧妙的利用了意识的流动性，散漫性使得叙述在时空间自由游弋，挥洒自如，摆脱了传统小说在叙事上的刻板单一。句子间省去了不必要的传统语法束缚，砍去了累赘的枝枝叶叶，行文有了别样的明了精确。而额外的精力则用来打磨那些灵光闪现的句子，使得他们提到了诗的高度。灵动的叙述中，词语也获得了句子的权力，有时一个词，生长了整整一个段落，有时一个词像一颗炸弹一样，轻而易举的销毁了全部的努力，而在词与词，词与句，句与句间的跳跃为读者提供了创作空间，使得文本在某种意义上达到了罗兰.巴特所谓的开放性文本------由读者与作者共同完成。另外意识流成就了文本的音乐性―――这一点我将在后面细说。

〖Six〗、老乔伊斯（约翰.斯特尼斯劳斯）多才多艺，对音乐有着不俗的欣赏，他最钟爱的儿子小乔伊斯也深受影响，在音乐上也有相当的努力，他会弹钢琴，在歌唱上更是不凡。在一次都柏林声乐比赛中获得第二名。他在后来倾心瓦格纳的作品，并专门研究过他的歌剧及其那本《艺术与革命》。音乐的精通，文字的熟稔，而音乐与文字的血脉里的联系，使得乔伊斯在创作中天然的用了音乐的因素。那部他最早的诗集就冠以《室内音乐》之名。关于这部诗集他曾对一音乐家说：“我希望你能把这诗集里的每首都谱写为音乐。这也是我当初写它们的部分原因。事实上它们就是一组套曲，而如果我是一名音乐家的话，我想自己早就把它们谱写掉了。”但在此作中音乐的应用还显得很稚嫩，在《尤利西斯》里音乐的手法才真正得到大规模，大手笔的运用。在小说里，音乐的运用是多种多样的。第一种是音乐素材的直接引用。童谣，民歌，古典音乐，下俗的俚曲，流行小调，经典歌剧在文章中到处散落，随处可见。有时候他们仅仅远远的站在背后，营造一种环境，唤起读者的音乐感受，像十五章里流行曲《约克郡的姑娘》，十七章里的歌谣《犹太小男孩》，皆属此类。有时他们被镶嵌在句内，与叙事结成一体，变成叙事的一部分，如十五章的尾部：

〖Seven〗、The driver never said a word, good, bad or indifferent. He merely watched the two figures, as he sat on his lowbacked car, both black-- one full, one lean-- walk towards the railway bridge, to be married by Father Maher. As they walked, they at times stopped and walked again, continuing their tête-à-tête(which of course he was utterly out of), about sirens, enemies of man's reason, mingled with a number of other topics of the same category, usurpers, historical cases of the kind while the man in the sweeper car or you might as well call it in the sleeper car who in any case couldn't possibly hear because they were too far simply sat in his seat near the end of lower Gardiner street and looked after their lowbacked car.

〖Eight〗、金译：驳手没有说一句话，好的，坏的，不好不坏的，而仅是坐在他那车身低低的马车上望着那两个身影，都是黑色的，一个壮实，一个瘦削，向着铁路桥走去，去找马厄神父证婚去。他们走走停停又走走，继续着他们的tete a tete（这当然是他不参与的），谈到塞壬们，谈到人的理性之敌，还掺杂着一些同类的其他问题，篡夺者们以及这种性质的历史事件，而扫街车或不如叫它睡觉车中的人反正听不见，因为他们太远，就那么坐在他的座位上，在靠近下加德纳街口的地方，目送他们那车身低低的马车驶去。

〖Nine〗、萧译：不管是好话、坏话还是不好不坏的话，反正车把式一言也未发。他坐在低靠背的车上，只是目送这两个都穿着黑衣服的身影一—一胖一瘦——朝着铁道桥走去，由马尔神父给成婚。他们走一程又停下脚步，随后又走起来，继续交头接耳地谈着（车把式当然被排除在外）。内容包括男人的理智之敌赛仑，还夹杂着同一类型的一系列其他话题，篡夺者啦，类似的历史事件什么的。这当儿坐在清扫车——或者可以称之为卧车——里的那个人无论如何也是听不见的，因为他们离得太远了。他只是在挨近下加德纳街尽头处坐在自己的坐位上，目送着他们那辆低靠背的车。

〖Ten〗、歌词的套嵌浮现了当时的情形，加深了读者的印象，提升了艺术感受。同时对叙述的参与也补充了行文的展开，当然这是最基本的作用，最为重要的是它们在读者的阅读中同时起着间离的功能，读者的阅读会自然的在正常的情况下停下来，回应它的音乐上的暗示。

1〖One〗、另一种是对古典音乐结构的借鉴。在第一章里，站在碉楼上，面对着幽暗的大海，斯蒂汾睡意未醒的大脑中:祖国爱尔兰，对它的爱与痛惜；天主教会精神上的压迫；母亲的；莎士比亚和哈姆雷特；艺术上的雄心抱负交缠纷扰，同时还有经济上的拮据，同伴的紧张关系这些行而下的苦恼，使得他显得萎靡不振。马利根，一个颇有教养自以为很有绅士风度却说话粗鲁，言语尖酸刻薄然又颇有几分才气的家伙。故事在两人之间展开。迥然相异的人，截然不同的叙述。我们看马利根，他口中“念念有词”，他“粗鲁”的喊，他“厉声”喝道，他“兴致勃勃”的说，他“跳下炮台”，他“欢快的说”，他“哈哈笑着”，他“兴高采烈地大声笑着说”……他的行动是活跃的，他的话语是欢快的――叙述是明亮的，跳跃的，有点昂扬；而到了斯蒂汾那里，调子立即暗了下来：“冷冷的望着”，“困不滋滋地跟在他后面走了几步”，他终于说话了，然而是“安静地说”，马利根擅自从他口袋里掏东西，他只是“听任他掏”,马利根把他母亲的归罪与他，他也只是“阴沉沉地说”。――明显沉郁地多。而这两种叙述交织缠绕，明暗相间，仿佛音乐上的二重奏，相互竞争，冲突，和合。而开头，也是整部小说的开头，是这样开始的：

1〖Two〗、Stately, plump Buck Mulligan came from the stairhead, bearing a bowl of lather on which a mirror and a razor lay crossed. A yellow dressinggown, ungirdled, was sustained gently behind him by the mild morning air. He held the bowl aloft and intoned:

1〖Three〗、(金译：仪表堂堂，结实富态的壮鹿马利根从楼梯口走了上来。他端着一碗肥皂水，碗上十字交叉地架着一面镜子和一把剃刀。他披一件黄色梳妆袍，没有系腰带，被清晨的微风轻轻托起，在他身后飘着。他把碗捧得高高的，口中念念有词：

1〖Four〗、萧译：体态丰满而有风度的勃克·穆利根从楼梯口出现。他手里托着一钵肥皂沫，上面交叉放了一面镜子和一把剃胡刀。他没系腰带，淡黄色浴衣被习习晨风吹得稍微向后蓬着。他把那只钵高高举起，吟诵道：

1〖Five〗、(英文)简朴大气而铿锵有力。本章的结尾只仅一词“篡夺者”仿佛一重音鼓的顿挫，强有力的结束了本章。如果熟悉肖邦的e小调钢琴协奏曲的话，不难察觉其第一乐章与本章结构之间很有些仿佛。乐章开始那一小段庄重肃威的“马祖卡”舞曲正对本章开始的这段，展开部分沉浸于幻想而敏感的钢琴则对之斯蒂汾的叙述，而马利根的叙述则正对充满了毅力生气和些微压迫感的背景弦乐，如前所述，“篡夺者”可不正对着乐尾那顿挫的一声鼓吗？在全书之中音乐手法的集大成之作是在“塞壬”一章里。乔伊斯在完成这章后曾不无得意地向朋友们炫耀自己的苦心：“这可是个大工程，这一章我是用音乐技巧写的。是一首赋歌曲。各种音乐符号我都用上了：轻奏，强奏，渐弱等等。其中还出现了一段五重奏。就好像我最喜欢的瓦格纳的歌曲《歌手们》那样。”第一章里音乐躲在文字后面，对叙述只是垂帘听政，而到了本章，终于忍耐不住的大张旗鼓，真正堂而皇之的引导着叙述，一如塞壬那明亮甜美的歌声引导着奥德休斯。本章运用了各种音乐技巧：超大量的拟声词运用。比如利用词语明亮的声响和发音的节奏来进行马车行走的描述：Jingle jingle jaunted jingling.（金译：锵锵锵轻车轻轻地行驶着。萧译：辚辚，轻快三轮马车辚辚。）再如描述钱币和时钟的声响用：coin rang, clock clacked.：（金译：钱币锵锵，时钟咔哒。萧译：硬币哐啷啷。时钟嗒嗒嗒。）。沃尔特.佩特说过所有的艺术都渴望达到音乐的境界。乔伊斯在本章的野心更大，他企图干脆将文字句子本身按照音乐的规律组织。看这个句子：Only the harp. Lovely gold glowering light. Girl touched it. Poop of a lovely. Gravy's rather good fit for a. Golden ship. Erin. The harp that once or twice. Cool hands. Ben Howth, the rhododendrons. We are their harps. I. He. Old. Young.（金译：只有竖琴。可爱。闪着金色的光芒。姑娘的手在抚弄。艉楼，秀美挺立的。肉卤味道不错，可供。金色的船。爱琳。竖琴呀，当年，如今。清凉的手。毫斯山峰，杜鹃花丛。我们是她们的竖琴。我。他。年老的。年轻的。萧译：只有竖琴。可爱灿烂的金光。少女拨弄着它。可爱的臀部，倒很适宜醮上点儿肉汁。黄金的船。爱琳。那竖琴也被摸过一两次。冰凉的手。霍斯山，杜鹃花丛。我们是她们的竖琴。我。他。老的。年轻的。）布卢姆在听考利的钢琴，他的思绪也化为钢琴的节奏----乔伊斯就仅用词语表现。在音乐结构上，较之前几章更为复杂，在这里它是交响乐，是歌剧——瓦格纳式的。考利的钢琴，代达勒斯的歌声；鲍伊兰的声响；侍者派特的声响；肯尼迪小姐的声响；布卢姆---每个声响都相当一个声部，一个主题。其中，考利的钢琴及歌剧是第一主题，贯彻整章，而派特和鲍伊兰的主题往往一闪而过，布卢姆的主题作为诸主题的连接。在节奏上，各主题并不相同。考利的主题相当于古典音乐的行板，因此往往是愉悦的甜美的回忆或是伤感的浮想。如此比来，派特的则有点慢板的节奏了。在本章中叙述完全让位与音乐正如神话中奥德修斯完全将自己奉现给塞壬。而读者也在这塞壬的迷人的歌声中沉醉。

1〖Six〗、对于意识流和音乐特色并不是孤立运用的。音乐特色的运用注定在叙述中不可能循规蹈矩，而意识流为其提供了可能。同时音乐性的运用反过来又给漫无边际的意识一个约束，而不至于失散逃逸。二者的完美结合典范在第二章中，斯蒂汾离开了马利根，来到课堂上与学生授课，故事在课堂上与孩子们的问答中开始缓慢前行。在一问一答中，他再次像哈姆雷特一样玄思冥想：与马利根暗地里的狭隙，已失的永远不在的母爱，战争，遥远的古罗马，他看到的别人眼中的自己的映像，亚里士多德玄奥的理论，晚上即将到来锋利的辩论，弥尔顿哀伤的诗句……在这沉思之间是漫不经心的提问与漠然不知所云的答非所问，思绪被回答中断。又在提问中重生，汇合，长长的停顿，突然的闪回，沉静，激烈，深远，激情澎湃，时尔疏朗有致，时尔又细腻绵密------对音乐敏感的话，也许会听到肖邦的op37以及op48那些夜曲的味道来.

1〖Seven〗、《尤利西斯》模仿了《奥德赛》的结构，在故事上，他又企图刻画“两个民族的史诗”。在这里他模仿了荷马的命名虚构和拉伯雷式的罗列，像在第十二章里对土地，河流，树木，家畜，人物的那种极度的狂放夸张的命名与描述，潜意识中浮现的历史人物，以及关于行刑场景的历史畅想。第十五章中开端关于都柏林夜景那段精微真切的照相主义写实。第十七章关于水之概念的想象。通过经典的模仿他一方面构建又一方面在拆解；构建中，他完成了他所要的史诗效果，使普通生活普通人物，日常琐屑得到升华，获得历史的意义；而史诗又时常嘲讽着当下，拆解了它本身的意义。有时这二者是结合在一起的，十二章结尾，布卢姆与公民争执，在众人的劝解中驾车离去。叙述者由“俺”第一人称不动声色的转入了作者的叙述。在幻觉里，“出现了一片耀眼的金光”，布卢姆“全身披金光”，“服装似太阳”，“容貌似月亮”，腾空而飞。布卢姆富有同情心，有理性，待人温和心细，在本章中因为反驳公民狭隘的民族主义偏见，主张民族的平等而与之发生冲突——乔伊斯将之化为上帝的先知以利亚，是对布卢姆的肯定。末日来临，义人随先知得到拯救是古典绘画里关于宗教题材的常见描述。用的是圣经的叙述口气。但下面：And there came a voice out of heaven, calling: Elijah! Elijah! And he answered with a main cry: Abba! Adonai! And they beheld Him even Him, ben Bloom Elijah, amid clouds of angels ascend to the glory of the brightness at an angle of fortyfive degrees over Donohoe's in Little Green Street like a shot off a shovel.

1〖Eight〗、金译：这时一个声音从天而降，呼唤着：以利亚！以利亚！他的回作是一声有力的叫喊：阿爸！上主！他们见到到他，正身的他，儿子布卢姆.以利亚，由大群大群的天使簇拥着升向金光圈中，以四十五度的斜角，飞越小格林街的多诺霍酒店上空，象一块用铁锹甩起来的坷垃。

1〖Nine〗、萧译：这时，天空中发出“以利亚！以利亚！”的呼唤声，他铿锵有力地回答道：“阿爸！阿多尼。”于是他们望到了他——确实是他，儿子布卢姆·以利亚，在众天使簇拥下，于小格林街多诺霍亭上空，以四十五度的斜角，像用铁锹甩起来的土块一般升到灿烂的光辉中去。

20、先前庄严的叙述在这最后一句反讽的描述下顿将神圣一晃而变为滑稽。同时乔伊斯也暗示了现实与神话的区别，现实中是没有上帝的。

2〖One〗、仅论意义，我觉得《尤利西斯》在现代文学是难以获得如此之地位。因为它的意义表达是所有现代艺术的主题，而这种意义在后来的某些小说中往往表达更上乘更深入。它的成功更多来自它的语言，这是一本关乎语言的小说。它的语言庞杂，术语纷繁，文风屡变，结构奇奥，但如果读懂了它语言上的音乐特色，意识流特色，史诗特色的话，就不难解领其奥妙。音乐性，意识流，史诗性，使得人们在文字的旅程中享受着欣然愉悦而流连忘返。

2〖Two〗、《尤利西斯》写作是艰难的，阅读是艰难的，但翻译似乎更为艰难。在《尤利西斯》的世界里，作者，译者，读者三者之间很像上帝，科学家/哲学家，众人的关系。对世界万物的万千纷纭，但对上帝来说，只要他发现了那个“一”，万物的创造也就把握了。而对于一个普通大众来说，对于世界万物，只须凭自己之力，“沧海之大，只取一瓢饮”；而对于科学家/哲学家就不同了，他们引导众人向上帝不断探索，但因为注定不是上帝，便不能得到“一”，只能无限的逼近，这注定他们弗弗西斯般的永恒困苦追求。对于这点这本书的两位中文译者金堤与萧乾定是戚戚于心了。只消看看二者的译文序言就晓得了。对于翻译此书的难点二者的抱怨几何相同。但在处理上却各有一套，有些甚至完全相左，而译文也大相径庭。在两译本刚出时就有关乎译文的争辩，但多斤斤于词句—-即使这点声音也很衰微---难得从整体上做比较。既然它的语言如此的成就，我们也从语言上来作凭。在文字的音乐性表现上，萧乾的译文太弱了，而金堤在这方面做得相当精彩。我以为这缘于二者的译文观点。在萧乾的译文前序里，自道：“做为初译者，我们的目标是，尽管原作艰涩难懂，我们一定得尽最大努力把它化开，使译文尽可能流畅，口语化。”这个“化“使得把许多原文微妙处消融了。举例：parried again. He fears the lancet of my art as I fear that of his. The cold steel pen.（金译：又是一挡。他怕我的艺术的锋刃，正如我怕他的。笔，阴森森的钢。萧译：又把话题岔开了。他惧怕我的艺术尖刀，正如我害怕他的冷酷无情的钢笔。）稍有点语感的对照原文可以品味一下二者的优劣。但这毕竟是小疵，但对整体来说，味道就丧失得多了。萧乾又在感谢中提到“关于音乐我们多次请教过孙明珠和刘国纪……”在这里，萧乾可能尚未充分体会到乔伊斯音乐方面的多重运用，音乐精神已经深入在整个小说的骨髓中了，绝不是仅仅把音乐词汇译过来就行的。而且，“中国文字形容声音的语汇本来就比较贫乏”的说法也很奇怪，是没有根由的。所以虽然他看到“第十一章简真是一篇文字组成的交响乐”，却也“只能表达个大概来。”在史诗性描写上，萧译比起金译行文过于匆促，用语时有飘忽，不够典雅沉稳。当然，金译也有萧译不及之处,如第〖Fourteen〗、章,模拟古英文散文之处,萧译在风格的过度中显的更为从容自然。（注：关于此处的评论底气并不足,因为我对古英文各代的风格并不熟悉评论仅是从中文等效的角度考虑）十三章尾部暮色沉冥中，布卢姆的思绪不带标点的那一段.金译同样也无任何标点。而萧译将之译为词语片段并在彼此间加了空格，就很为传神的表达了布卢姆当时那种沮丧的心情。可是萧乾后来把这一手法运用到十八章，未免太夸张了。在原文中这一章汤汤莽莽宛如长江大河滚滚而来，一气一下，几见旋折。尤其尾部那一段，辉煌壮丽,很有瓦格纳《众神的黄昏》“女武神飞翔”的神韵。但在萧译那里，被切成一段一段,弄得遍体鳞伤。我想萧乾这一做法大概是恐其太佶屈聱牙,就“顺”了一下，却大失原味，读起来反觉艰涩拗口。在金堤的译文里，只字，孤词：绵长的，短促的，拗口的，柔软的；句子：那些光滑的，艰涩的，破碎的；断章，残语，茫然的，明亮的，含糊其词，铿锵有力的……，游弋自如的表现着思绪的闪烁，犹疑与顿挫。而这一切在萧文里面却表现为一种腔调：斯蒂汾，布卢姆，摩莉他们的思绪我们只能在特有的词语里模糊的辨认出来。

2〖Three〗、《尤利西斯》的翻译不仅需要学者的知识与耐性，还需作家的灵感与才情。另外，译者与翻译对象之间的感情，翻译者的翻译心境（尤其是长篇）对译文的的质量也有很微妙的影响。我想这点也是二者的译文相别之大的原因了。

2〖Four〗、在金堤教授的前言与后序中，可以看出他的努力与苦心。他希望“以中文环境的最大可能，用乔伊斯式的想象和创造性文学语言，再现原著的精神实质和艺术风貌”，而从他的译文来看，我以为，他做到了。

关于拮据的生活的句子英文，英文自我介绍的介绍到此结束，希望对大家有所帮助。

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